Man vs. Woman in A Streetcar Named Desire :: Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire

During the timeframe Tennessee Williams, creator of the play A Streetcar Named Desire, lived in, men were normally depicted as pioneers of the family unit. Through Williams' utilization of exchange, explicit portrayals of each characters, just as sound, he represents to perusers of the present society how distinctively a man and lady existed together in the mid-1900s, contrasted with today. Through the eyes of a topical/chronicled scholar, who focuses on the connections between the story and the timeframe it happens, the qualification between the present society and that of five decades past, can be seen with profundity and exactness. Â Stanley Kowalski, a fundamental character in A Streetcar Named Desire, is a typical man who is straightforward, straight forward and fiercely legit. He treats his significant other with no regard, for she doesn't merit it since she is a lady. To him, her obligations are to comply with his orders and endure his insufferable activities. In the event that she decides to ignore or challenge his requests, it is then his obligation to manhandle her truly on the off chance that he regards it fundamental. He deceitfully apologizes for it a short time later, and anticipates that his better half should gain from her slip-ups and to proceed with her obligations just as he didn't do anything incorrectly. During this timeframe, aggressive behavior at home isn't extraordinary and is generally acknowledged as a methods in acquiring an ideal conduct from one's better half. Stanley is unmistakably mindful of this. Â After an assault, his significant other states to her sister, He was on a par with a sheep when I returned and he's actually quite, extremely embarrassed about himself (Williams, 2309). Because of human instinct, he shows that he feels frustrated about his better half, so as to ensure she doesn't get any plans to leave. Stanley is ignorant of this, however the way that he fears his significant other's flight is a weakness we will never admit to (mental/psychoanalytic methodology). Â Stella, Stanley's better half in the play, is a latent lady. She is shown along these lines through how she reacts to the individuals and circumstances around her. At the point when she is beaten by Stanley, she comprehends that his tipsiness grabs hold of him and he has no power over his activities. She realizes he never implies her damage and his aims are acceptable.

Classroom Observation and Reflection Paper free essay sample

Educational program Constr. also, Assessment: Reading and Language Arts, I had the chance to see as well as show a thing or two that I made for Mrs. Watsons Class at Little Rascals Daycare and Afterschool Program. All through this paper I will think about my exercise plan understanding. To start with, I presented the idea of letter mixes to the understudies. I disclosed to the understudies that letter mixes can be toward the start, center, or end of a word to make explicit sounds. I at that point disclosed to the understudies that I would have been instructing them starting letter mixes. I went n to disclose to the understudies that since there were a few starting letter mixes that I picked five to educate about In the exercise. The mixes that I picked were dr, n, bl, gl, and Ch. I went over each starting letter mix, exhibited the sound each make and gave a few guides to each letter mix for the understudies. We will compose a custom exposition test on Homeroom Observation and Reflection Paper or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Next, I allowed the understudies a chance to take an interest In the exercise. I held up picture cheat sheets that had various items on them. The understudies needed to lift their hands and mention to me what the item was and the letter mix for that object. I rehashed this procedure until ach understudy in the class got an opportunity to take an interest. When we completed, I responded to any inquiries or concerns the understudy had. I saw that the understudies were effectively occupied with the exercise and appeared to have truly delighted in. Above all else they appeared to have comprehended the exercise effortlessly. In conclusion, the understudies were given a reorder mixing worksheet to finish. The worksheet had 1 5 distinctive picture articles and letter mixes on it. The understudies needed to shading (on the off chance that they needed to), cut, and glue the right picture to its letter mix. When the understudies completed the worksheet we went over it as a class. Once more, I addressed any last inquiries or concerns and wrapped up the exercise. Taking everything into account, this was my absolute first time showing a thing or two. I have done a few exercise designs previously however never needed to really educate them. I accept the exercise went really great. The educator and the understudies were both inviting and given positive input. In spite of the fact that the exercise worked out positively, the one thing I would change in the event that I needed to do it once more is pick a few mixes at once to instruct rather than each of the five. Some of the time when a great deal of data is tossed at the understudies it makes it harder to comprehend.

The Best Environmental Books for Readers Who Want to Save the Planet

The Best Environmental Books for Readers Who Want to Save the Planet We all started out as environmentalists. As young readers, we fell in love with classic environmental books like The Lorax   by Dr. Seuss and The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein. The Lorax spoke for the trees in the lighthearted but cautionary tale of environmental destruction brought on by unmitigated capitalism. The Giving Tree embodies the relationship between humans and nature. Like the tree, nature gives us oxygen-rich air to breathe and sustenance to help us survive. Like the boy, we continue to  take from the planet’s rich resources with no regard for the future. Some of us are still the energetic environmentalists of our youth. Others have left that life behind in the dust. Most of us lie somewhere in between, but there is still time to recapture the essence of our environment-loving youth! Although…the planet is literally engulfed in flames, so time is running short. Together, we can make The Lorax proud and save The Giving Tree. We can be the people who care a lot. Changes we make today will make the planet better for us and future generations. The following in the best environmental books will inspire readers to make changes and save the planet. Best Environmental Books in Nonfiction If you’re ready to save the world, but need some motivation and a road map, then these nonfiction environmental books were curated just for you. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer Everyone who cares about the environment should have Braiding Sweetgrass in their collection. It captures the reverence between indigenous people and the earth. That is the relationship we should embody in order to save the planet and save humanity. Robin Wall Kimmerer is a botanist and a member of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. In Braiding Sweetgrass, Kimmerer draws on her life as an indigenous woman and scientist and shows how other living things around us offer gifts and lessons. Plants and animals are our oldest teachers. As “the younger brothers of creation,” humans must awaken our ecological consciousness. We must offer our thanks to these other beings in return. Choked: the Age of Air Pollution and the Fight for a Cleaner Future  by Beth Gardiner Air pollution kills more people than smoking, AIDS, diabetes, and traffic accidents combined. It is strongly linked to numerous ailments including strokes, heart attacks, cancers, dementia, and premature births. Over 40% of Americans and nearly 95% of people worldwide breathe polluted air every day. In Choked, Beth Gardiner, an American journalist living in London, travels the world to tell the story of this invisible plague. Scientists share pollution’s effects on the body as ordinary citizens fight for a cleaner future. Downriver: Into the Future of Water in the West  by Heather Hansman The Green River supplies water to nearly 33 million people. Moreover, The Green is overused and at risk of depletion as the West gets hotter and drier each year and more people depend on The River’s resources. In Downriver, environmental columnist Heather Hansman weaves journalistic research about the river’s history and current threats into the story of her solo pack-raft trip from Wyoming to Utah along the Green River. The End of Ice: Bearing Witness and Finding Meaning in the Path of Climate Disruption  by Dahr Jamail This book, inspired by the rapidly receding glaciers of Denali National Park, brings together the author’s personal introspection and interviews with leading climate change experts. However, The End of Ice is not for the faint of heart. Readers will not find calls for technology-based solutions or policy changes to save us. Instead, Jamail relies on his firsthand knowledge to inspire a call to action against our current climate crisis and to reconnect with our planet. Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? by Bill McKibben Thirty years ago, Bill McKibben was one of the first to sound the warning about climate change in the groundbreaking classic The End of Nature. In Falter, McKibben expands on that previous bold proclamation. He declares the whole breadth of human existence is in jeopardy. According to McKibben, not only is climate change shrinking our inhabitable space, the rise of new technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics is exacerbating our demise. Despite the book’s bleakness, McKibben does draw on his work in building 350, the global movement to combat climate change, to offer solutions to save both the planet and humanity itself. Global Warming and the Sweetness of Life: A Tar Sands Tale  by Matt Hern (Author), Am Johal (Author), and Joe Sacco (Illustrator) Authors Hern and Johal embark on a road trip from socially liberal and consciously “green” Vancouver to the tar sands of northern Alberta, home of the world’s most industrial site. In Global Warming, they talk to the people whose lives and livelihood depend on or are imperiled by the extraction of oil from Alberta’s reserves. Along on the journey is friend and illustrator Joe Sacco. Sacco contributes insights, illustrations, and a comic about the contradictions of life in an oil town. How To Give Up Plastic: A Guide to Changing the World, One Plastic Bottle at a Time  by Will McCallum Every year, about 8 million metric tons of plastic is dumped into our oceans. Over time, these plastics break down into microplastics, which are even harder to remove. By 2050, there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish by weight. Will McCallum, Head of Oceans at Greenpeace UK, wrote How to Give Up Plastic for those who are ready to kick the plastic habit. Tips to help readers #BreakFreeFromPlastic range from replacing shampoo bottles with shampoos bar to lobbying supermarkets to eliminate plastic packaging. Inconspicuous Consumption: The Environmental Impact You Dont Know You Have  by Tatiana Schlossberg In Inconspicuous Consumption, former New York Times science writer Tatiana Schlossberg wants readers to stand up to climate change and pollution by making simple but impactful choices every day. When most of us think of climate change, we think of melting ice caps, massive flooding, and devastating forest fires. We may even think about air pollution and greenhouse gases, but we might not consider our everyday habits like a streaming marathon, enjoying a hamburger, or cranking the air conditioner. In fact, it is our daily activities and the way we use resources and create waste that seriously impact climate change. With knowledge and wit, Schlossberg seeks to empower readers to make more informed choices as consumers. We all have to work together in order to solve this massive climate crisis. No One is Too Small to Make a Difference  by Greta Thunberg Thanks to her School Strike for the Climate in August 2018 and her continued environmental activism, Greta Thunberg has become a household name. No One is Too Small is a collection of Thunberg’s speeches on global warming and climate change including Our House is on Fire, I’m Too Young to Do This, and Our Lives are in Your Hands. On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal  by Naomi Klein In On Fire, Naomi Klein, the woman who environmentalist Bill McKibben calls the Intellectual Godmother of the Green New Deal, is not here to make us feel better. On Fire is a collection of Klein’s essays on climate change over the past decade as well as new material on the high stakes and potential consequences of our political and economic choices. These essays detail the planet’s slow death from the “rotting underwater mass grave” that is the Great Barrier Reef to the children of the Democratic Republic of Congo whose “lungs are filled with dust from mining cobalt for the phones that have become extensions of our arms.” As climate change literally has parts of the world on fire, the current state of politics, xenophobia, misogyny, and fascism only exacerbate the crisis. Klein sees the battle for a greener world as the fight of our lives. Klein’s Green New Deal may be the bold climate action we need to create a just and thriving society. Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore  by Elizabeth Rush Winner of the Outdoor Book Award and lauded as “the book on climate change and sea levels that was missing” by the Chicago Tribune, Rising is a guide through the many places along the United States coastlines where climate change is a clear and present danger. From the Gulf Coast and the shores of Miami to New York City and the Bay Area, for the plants, animals, and people who call these places home, there are only two options: “retreat or perish in place.” Rising offers firsthand testimonials from those facing those choices along with profiles of the environmentalists and activists fighting for change. Signs on the Earth: Islam, Modernity, and the Climate Crisis  by Fazlun Khalid Similar to the way Naomi Klein’s This Changes Everything  presented the need for environmental change in the framework of Capitalism, Fazlun Khalid’s Signs on the Earth brings that narrative to the Islamic faith. Khalid argues consumerism, industrialization, and the unsustainable addiction to economic growth need to be rethought. His radical reconstruction of prevailing systems draws inspiration from sacred Muslim tradition. However, Khalid recognizes that environmental concerns are a collective responsibility. He calls on people from all faiths and none to work together to leave a healthy planet for future generations. Sudden Spring: Stories of Adaptation in a Climate-Changed South by Rick Van Noy Rick Van Noy is not a scientist who studies climate change. He is just a concerned citizen who wants to understand its impact. Van Noy drives through the south stopping along major cities like Charleston, New Orleans, and Houston to witness what rising sea levels and storms have done to these cities for himself. Through personal observations and interviews with local officials and residents, Van Noy highlights how many Southern communities are adapting to the impacts and challenges of a warmer climate. Sustainability Made Simple: Small Changes for Big Impact  by Rosaly Byrd and Laurèn DeMates From the founders of The Sustainability Co-Op comes a great introduction on how to live more sustainably in order to help the planet. In Sustainability Made Simple, Byrd and DeMates offer realistic guidance to readers who are looking for relatively easy ways to incorporate sustainability into their daily lives without making drastic life changes. Their practical advice includes information on how to find out what is recyclable in your town and ways to conserve energy and reduce e-waste. These simple yet transformative changes provide the opportunity for anyone to practice sustainability. Action taken now will improve the lives and health of our communities and our planet. A Terrible Thing to Waste: Environmental Racism and its Assault on the American Mind  by Harriet Washington Poor people of color are often disproportionately harmed during environmental crises. In A Terrible Thing to Waste, Washington argues the negative effect of this environmental racism leads to cognitive damage that is robbing communities of color and America as a whole of intellectual power. Although IQ is a biased and flawed metric, it is useful for tracking cognitive damage. Washington uses extensive scientific research to show the reported Black-White IQ Gap is most likely caused by environmental racism. Additionally, Washington provides potential solutions to solve this devastating problem. There is No Planet B: A Handbook for the Make or Break Years  by Mike Berners-Lee The challenge of tackling the crisis of climate change is immense. We know climate change is destroying the planet. We still dont know the best method to fight it. Also, we do not know where to start. Mike Berners-Lee has analyzed the data and crunched the numbers. In There is No Planet B, Berners-Lee presents a course of action that is both practical and enjoyable including alternative food choices that reduce emissions and alternative energy options that keep fossil fuels in the ground. The Unlikely Thru-Hiker: An Appalachian Trail Journey  by Derick Lugo Derick Lugo is a black man from the city who is unfamiliar with the outdoors and hiking culture. With a can-do attitude and an extremely overweight backpack, he sets off to conquer the infamous Appalachian Trail. Throughout his journey, Lugo perseveres with tenacity, humor and a commitment to grooming that earns him the trail name “Mr. Fabulous.” Although Lugo’s story doesn’t directly related to the fight against climate change, hikers on the Appalachian Trail can participate in the Appalachian Mountain Club Mountain Watch Program. The main purposes of the program are to gain a better understanding of how climate change is affecting plants on the trail, to increase public awareness, and to promote conservation. Visionary Women: How Rachel Carson, Jane Jacobs, Jane Goodall, and Alice Waters Changed Our World  by Andrea Barnet Visionary Women is the story of four women who shaped the world in which we live today by standing against corporate culture and its war on nature. Jane Jacobs fought for livable cities and strong communities. Jane Goodall showed the kinship between humans and animals. Rachel Carson warned us about the adverse effects of pesticides in the classic environmental book Silent Spring. Alice Waters encouraged us to improve our eating habits. Together, these women changed the course of history. Their work offered people a new way to look at and live in the world. The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrows World  by Charles Mann In The Wizard and the Prophet, award-winning author Charles Mann reveals the diametrically opposed views of two little-known 20th century scientists that helped shape our ideas about the environment. Nobel-winning agronomist William Vogt believed that abusing the planet’s resources would ruin us. His mantra was “Cut back! Otherwise everyone will lose!” On the other hand, Norman Borlaug championed innovation to overcome Earth’s limits as the only way we can all win. Borlaug’s research saved millions from starvation by producing high-yield crops. Mann explores the effects of these diverging viewpoints on humanity’s greatest challenges with journalistic analysis and historical context. Fiction Books About the Environment If you want to read some of the best environmental books, but prefer a fictionalized version, then the following list is for you. The Drowned World  by J.G. Ballard In 2010, Time Magazine named The Drowned World one of the top10 best post-apocalyptic books. The novel has also been deemed as a founding text in literary genre of climate fiction. In 2145, global warming has melted the ice caps. Tropical temperature, flooding, and accelerated evolution has made London unrecognizable and mostly uninhabitable. Biologist Dr. Robert Kerans and his team of scientists confront a cityscape where nature is on the rampage. The Monkey Wrench Gang  by Edward Abbey When George Hayduke returns home from war, he is devastated by the threat of environment destruction in the American Southwest. Hayduke joins a band of three other misfits to create The Monkey Wrench Gang. The others members are radical feminist Bonnie Abzug, wilderness guide and outcast Mormon “Seldom Seen” Smith, and wealthy surgeon Doc Sarvis. Together, The Monkey Wrench Gang is ready to destroy any structure that threatens their beloved natural habitat. Salvage the Bones  by Jesmyn Ward Winner of the National Book Award, Salvage the Bones follows an impoverished family in the days leading up to Hurricane Katrina. Esch lives in the coastal town of Bois Sauvage, Mississippi with her three brothers and their alcoholic and widowed father. As a hurricane builds over the Gulf of Mexico, Esch’s family and community must come together against all odds. Looking to read more environmental books? Check out: Books About Climate Change Solutions Climate Change Books to You Understand Our Environment Environmental Comics to Celebrate Earth Day

Military Disorder The Diagnosis Of PTSD In Veterans

The diagnosis of PTSD in veterans is different from that of a civilian diagnosed with the same condition. Civilians often experience an isolated traumatic event in their lives whereas veterans and active duty military members more frequently experience combat-related trauma while in a war zone or on the battlefield (Fragedakis Toriello, 2014). Many of these veterans and active duty military members keep silent about their symptoms for fear of consequences to their position or because of the stigma that has been adopted around PTSD by society. This also further contributes to the severity of symptoms in their development of PTSD from onset to treatment (Fragedakis Toriello, 2014). A study conducted by Franz et al., (2013), focuses on†¦show more content†¦Another study conducted by Britt, Adler, Bleise, and Moore (2013), examined active-duty soldier’s morale and whether it moderates the existing relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms. The individuals participating in the study were active-duty U.S. soldiers on an Army base located in Germany who recently returned from a fifteen-month deployment to Iraq. All participants received assessments at four months’ post-deployment, and again at six months’ post-deployment, measuring morale, unit support, combat exposure, and PTSD symptoms. At four months’ post-deployment, participants were given surveys in a classroom setting and in a theater at six-months post-deployment (Britt et al., 2013). Morale was measured using a five-item scale rating the soldier’s level of personal morale. Unit support was measured using an eight-item survey which was then assessed on a Likert scale. Combat exposure was measured using a thirty-three item survey. PTSD was measured using the military version of the PTSD Checklist (Britt et al., 2013). The results of the study indicate that there is a link between morale and unit support, and those two are also significantly related to PTSD symptoms at both times of assessment. One of the most important limitations to this study was thatShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder1718 Words   |  7 Pageslong-term response is diagnosed as posttraumatic stress disorder. PTSD is thoroughly examined in soldiers after returning from combat. However, the US Army began screening soldiers for associations with PTSD during World War I prior to deployment (Jones 2003). Associations such as: family, education, personal histories, psychiatric disorder, and childhood abuse. With these screenings being performed prior to deployment, it raises the question—is PTSD in soldiers because of events prior to enlistingRead MorePtsd And Diagnosis Of Ptsd1024 Words   |  5 Pagesand assessing them for diagnosis, it is important to have an understanding of the diagnosis and the impact it has on the military population. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common mental health diagnosis veterans may develop after experiencing trauma. PTSD can occur after an individual has been through a traumatic event, such as combat exposure, terrorist attack, sexual or physical assault, or serious accidents. According to The Department of Veteran Affairs, â€Å"About 11-20Read MoreSoldiers and PTSD Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesPersonalization Project Military Pathway (2013) concluded â€Å"Military life, especially the stress of deployments or mobilizations, can present challenges to service members and their families that are both unique and difficult†. Hence, it is not surprising that soldiers returning from a stressful war environment often suffer from a psychological condition called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper provides a historical perspective of PTSD affecting soldiers, and how this illness has oftenRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1600 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, on the armed forces. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a medical condition that affects the physiology of the brain. It commonly affects those who have experienced or witnessed stressful events, such as war. PTSD was generally referred to as â€Å"shell-shock† in the military, until an improved and more inclusive definition of the disease was discovered. Wartime environments co ntain a multitude of factors which are all potential causes of PTSD such as duress accreditedRead MoreThe Government Doesn t Care About Wounded Veterans1611 Words   |  7 PagesDoesn’t Care About Wounded Veterans Veterans make up seven percent of the American population, but they account for twenty percent of its suicides. Yes, that is indeed a real statistic, more importantly, what is the government, the people that ordered those men and women deliberately into harm’s way, doing about this tragedy. In light of recent conflicts the United States has been engaging in, such as the conflicts in the Middle East, a new silent killer of returning veterans, has become more visibleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1513 Words   |  7 Pagesaffected each individual differently. Post-traumatic stress disorder is nothing new, yet it is now finally known as a condition that may not be treatable, however some has developed ways of managing it. Veterans from the Vietnam and Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts are in the spotlight now for suffering with this condition. Are the Vietnam Veterans offered the same care as the recent combat Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan, and does the timing of w hen PTSD interventions take place determine the outcome of theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Veteran Suicide1189 Words   |  5 PagesVeteran Suicide Twenty-two United States Veterans commit suicide every day, giving approximately one thousand seven hundred and eighty Veterans deaths due to suicide for the year of 2016 to date (â€Å"Operation Never Forgotten†). Veteran suicide is an ongoing problem because veterans enter the civilian world directly after receiving discharge from the armed forces and struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and acute stress, and anxiety (â€Å"Veterans Services†). Veteran suicidesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1492 Words   |  6 PagesHistory Post traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorders also none as PTSD. In 1980 the American psychiatric association added PTSD to the third edition of its diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diagnostic nosologic classification scheme although controversial when first introduced the PTSD diagnosis has filled an important gap in psychiatric theory and practice from an historical perspective the significant change ushered in by the PTSD concept was the stipulation that thatRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )877 Words   |  4 PagesStress Disorder (PTSD), is a relatively new diagnosis amongst the psychiatric association. This diagnosis is for the individuals who have been involved or witnessed a tramatic event and experience anxiety, re-experienceing event symptoms, whom avoid situations, display a negative change in feelings or beliefs, or experiencing hyperarousal. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was officially awcknowledged as a diagnosis in 1980 by The American Psychiatric Associa tion (APA). The PTSD diagnosis was putRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesa crisis existing within its population of returning veterans. More and more, we see veterans of the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan, and the war on Terror, return with not only debilitating physical wounds, but longer lasting psychological wounds of war. Furthermore, there’s a stigma with mental health in the country which dictates; if you seek help for mental health issues, you’re weak. This isn’t only a problem amongst returning veterans, but all citizens. The returning warrior shouldn’t have

Timeline of IBM History

Completed Ngc@ Report Free Essays

NATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE Candidate report template (2009 specification) UNIT NGC3 – THE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICAL APPLICATION Student number: Location: Date of review: Introduction including overview of area inspected and activities taking place This report follows an inspection of the building and yard located in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. in order to meet the requirements of the Nebosh NGC 3 practical application. The areas concerned with this inspection are the works building and one store in the yard and its immediate surrounding area. We will write a custom essay sample on Completed Ngc@ Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The building consists of a canteen area, an office for admin duties, two toilets, a locker room, a drying/store room for personal protective equipment (PPE) and a small store room. In the yard is one store for the storage of various outdoor work materials and tools. The premises are occupied by up to fifteen staff at any one time. Staff work on a rotation of day and night shifts and the building is used for messing, completing paper work and planning work. The yard and store are used for loading and unloading vehicles with work equipment to prepare for railway work. There were no members of staff on duty at the time of the inspection. Executive Summary Upon completion of the inspection I found there were several areas of concern which lead to breaches of the Health and Safety at Work Act (HSWA), the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO), the Manual Handling Operations Regulations, the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER). The health and safety of the employees who are using the premises may also be at risk if some of these concerns are not addressed immediately. Failure to address these issues may lead to attention and possible enforcement action from the HSE and/or the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR). Breaches of statutory duty or failure to comply with improvement or prohibition notices may result in court action being taken which may lead to criminal prosecution and fines of up to ? 20 000 in a magistrates court and the possibility of up to 6 months imprisonment. A detailed description of the findings is listed below with reference to specific observations given in brackets. Main findings of the inspection Fire precautions The Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order (RRFSO) requires that fire fighting arrangements must be provided in the workplace (18). Although there are fire extinguishers located throughout the building there is an absence of any extinguisher in the office. Therefore there is an urgent requirement to have extinguishers installed here as employees would be in extreme danger if a fire were to start in the office. The RRFSO also states that fire exits must remain free from obstructions at all times (1). The PPE blocking the fire exit is not only creating a tripping hazard but it is putting the health and safety of the employees at risk of becoming trapped in the building if a fire were to start. Management of Health and Safety Many of the observations are the result of a poor Health and Safety management system which could easily be rectified by members of staff and at a very low cost to the organisation. (2,3,8,10,12). Use of rail steel as doorstops presents a significant risk of slips, trips and falls and is a very easy problem to rectify. Other housekeeping issues such as tangled cables, hand cleaners being stored near eating and drinking utensils and overflowing waste paper bins are all issues that will present a very poor image to visitors but are low cost and not time consuming problems to resolve. These issues may also be in breach of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. PPE. Issues The Personal Protective Equipment regulations state that all PPE must be suitably stored and maintained (1, 14). The PPE blocking the fire exit must be removed and all the old PPE in the store room should be disposed of and replaces as it is no longer fit for purpose. The heater in the drying room (6) also needs urgent attention as its purpose is to dry out PPE used by employees in wet weather conditions. With the heater not functional this has an impact on the ability to maintain the PPE to a good standard. PUWER Issues The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations state that employers must ensure that all work equipment is suitable, maintained and inspected (7, 17). The old fax machine in the office has been out of use for quite some time with service tags out of date and there has been no effort to have it repaired or replaced. It is creating a tripping hazard as well as breaching PUWER. A similar situation has arisen regarding the water dispenser in the canteen. The employees have shown their concerns about not being able to use the machine and it is in serious need of repair or replacement. This is also creating a welfare issue which must be addressed. Manual Handling Issues There are some issues concerning heavy materials being stored at ground level (13, 20). This is in breach of the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 and presents a high risk of a RIDDOR injury to employees lifting or moving these materials. As suggested these materials must be stored correctly and at waist level to prevent injuries from bending and lifting. This will prevent high costs through RIDDOR incidents and loss of productivity. Conclusions The building and yard are all of modern design with full refurbishments having been carried out as recent as 2007. Many of the hazards found were as a result of a lapse in general Health and Safety management and many of the observations could be rectified by simple maintenance and tidying up of the building and yard. This is a very low cost practice which in turn could improve the Health and Safety of the workforce. The employees have all had a very good level of workplace specific Health and Safety training with certificates on display on the notice board. However this training counts for little if it is not put into practice on a daily basis. It appears there have also been many bad habits picked up over the years such as poor general housekeeping. Employers and employees should take pride in a clean and safe workplace and it also sets a good example to any visitors or potential clients. A safe workplace will also reduce the risk of accidents and ill health to employees and in the long run save money from unnecessary claims, losses of production and a poor corporate image. Recommendations: |Recommendation |Likely resource implications |Priority |Target date | |Fire exit door should remain free |PPE to be removed from exit area and signs to |High |Immediate | |from obstructions at all times. (1) |be erected advising to keep clear. | | |Fire extinguisher to be installed in |New fire extinguisher, ? 30, easy to install by|High |Immediate | |the office. (18) |a member of staff. | | | |Heater in drying room must not be |Wall brackets to be replaced, 1-2 man hours to|High |1 week | |used until it is re-attached to the |fit and reinstate heater to wall, approx cost | | | |wall. 6) |? 50. | | | | | | | | |Arrange for repair or replacement of |Repair could be very expensive, more practical|High |1 week | |drinking water dispenser. (17) |option may be to replace. ?200 approx. man | | | | |hour to install. | | | |Remove battery chargers from power |Install an extra plug socket to prevent |Medium |1 month | |when not in use, and establish better|tangling cables under chairs. Electrician for| | | |layout of cables. (8) |1 hour plus parts. 50 approx | | | |Arrange for a repair to be carried |Hire of a welder for 1 hour. ?50 approx. |Medium |1 week | |out on the entrance handrail. (23) | | | | |Dispose of old office swivel chair |Order the correct replacement chair. ?30-40 |Medium |1 week | |from canteen. 22) | | | | |Bracket for wall mounted first aid |New bracket approx ? 10 and less than 1 man |Medium |1 week | |kit to be replaced. (12) |hour to install. | | | |Remove cut-offs of rail steel from |Source correct doorstops or fit latches to the|Medium |1 month | |doors and keep doors closed whenever |walls. Approx cost ? 15 to fit. 1 man hour. | | | |possible. (2) | | | | |Yard store flooring to be cleared of |General clean up and disposal of any disused |Medium |1 week then review each | |obstructions to gain access to |and waste materials. 2 staff hours | |month | |shelving. 21) | | | | |Steel plates to moved from the yard |1-2 staff hours to store on shelving, |Medium |1 week then review every 3 | |area into the store and stored on |preventing injuries from lifting heavy plates | |months | |shelving at waist height. (20) |at ground level. | | | |Remove spray cans and all outdoor |General clean up of office by staff. Keep all|Medium |1 week then review each | |work equipment from office area. (9) |areas around and under desks free from | |month | | |clutter. 1-2 hours | | | |Install correct hand wash dispenser |Dispenser costs ? 5 and takes less than 1 man |Medium-Low |1 month | |in canteen. (4) |hour to fit. | | | How to cite Completed Ngc@ Report, Papers

Shared Service Center free essay sample

How to influence people in the striving towards organizational goals Emma Carlsson and Ann Schurmann Sammanfattning Abstract Background: A constant market pressure on companies to increase their competitiveness has compelled managers to explore business models outside of the traditional ones. The Shared Service Center (SSC) forms part of these untried models, and since research is scarce, there are no obvious paths to follow for the design and use of management control systems in SSCs. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the design of the management control system in a SSC, and further to analyze the underlying reasons for its outlining. Demarcation: The study is limited to the investigation of the SSCs of Electrolux, SKF and Volvo. Moreover, the problem is highlighted from the perspective of the SSC management. Realization: Interviews with the SSC’s management or close surrounding were undertaken. Results: Sprung out of the process orientation, SSCs in their management control primarily focus on customers, process improvement and people. We will write a custom essay sample on Shared Service Center or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Med sitt ursprung i processorienteringen fokuserar SSCs framst pa kunder, processforbattringar och manniskor. I stravan att uppna kostnadsreduceringar och kvalitet anvander SSCs flera olika styrverktyg och valet beror pa variabler som organisationsstruktur, extern omgivning, teknologi och strategi. Nyckelord Keyword Shared Service Centers, Management control, Electrolux, SKF, Volvo Acknowledgements We would like to show our appreciation to the people that we have been in contact with at Electrolux, SKF and Volvo, as their cooperativeness and commitment for this thesis have been an inspiration for its completion. Verelst regards it as a duty of everyone on a management level to follow and to actively support the Group strategy. The strategy of EFC can be described as being focused, involving three delimitations: Europe only; sales only; and finance transactions only. Moreover, EFC is efficiency driven, not profit driven. Verelst does not believe in the concept of a SSC serving external customers as it involves a risk of lowering the 46 Empirical study quality of the services to improve the picture. The fact that cost is not the only issue is also the reason for why EFC has chosen.

Truss Design and Analysis essays

Truss Design and Analysis essays Our five initial designs consisted of one with two triangulated cantilevered rods with one tension rod, another that was a three rod equilateral pyramid, the third was a triangular cantilevered beam with a tension rod and side support rods at the wall, another had three triangulated cantilevered rods with one tension rod, and the fifth was a purely 2-D right triangle truss. Each group member picked a design that he wanted to optimize. The ones chosen were the ones each of us initially came up with. We really already knew the ones we wanted to try on ANSYS so the other two were created just for part 1 of the project. We chose to further investigate the one with two triangulated cantilevered rods with one tension rod, the one that had three triangulated cantilevered rods with one tension rod, and the one with a triangular cantilevered beam with a tension rod and side support rods at the wall. This was one of our most basic truss designs for the contest. The concept of the design was simplicity and minimization of welds. It was initially thought that the failure would occur at one of the solder welds therefore if the number of welds was limited there would be less chance of failure. Initially the truss was created in ANSYS with just the 3 main beams from the wall to the loaded tip. Horizontal and vertical loads were applied to the tip and the system was solved. The stress and deflection were analyzed cross-members were added in the center of the beams. The simulation was solved again and reanalyzed and cross-members were again added at 25 and 75 percent of the length of the main beams. The cross members were used to prevent the buckling in the center of the beams by limiting the allowed deflection. With the three cross-member systems in place, the truss was resolved and the deflection and stresses were measured. After comparing the results from each of the configurations, it was determined that adding the cross-members...

Five steps to finding purpose in your work

Five steps to finding purpose in your work There are millions of self-help posts about finding a sense of purpose at work. Most of them talk about the influence that purpose can have on one’s health, motivation, and job satisfaction. Some articles try to advise you on how to find true meaning and purpose, but once you start applying their techniques, you realize that they’re not very realistic. That’s because most posts discuss the philosophical notions of self-esteem, self-confidence, purposeful life, and meaningful existence, but they fail on providing any concrete advice on how to achieve anything real.A couple of years ago, when I was trying to find purpose in my work by connecting with organizations, I stumbled upon â€Å"Teach Me the Art of Small Steps† by Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry. The French author wrote it during a challenging period and it spoke to a lot of my own struggles. So I decided to apply the â€Å"art of small steps† to finding purpose in my everyday work. Guess what? It worked. And here is how.1. Think smallSounds counterintuitive I know, but hear me out. I always assumed that your life’s purpose should be ground-breaking - it should change the world and humanity. I missed the fact that purpose could be found in things like helping your coworker with a project, providing professional advice to your intern or keeping your colleagues level-headed during a stressful time.We always think of purpose as something vague and unattainable, but once we change our attitude towards it, it becomes entirely possible to find purpose in everyday tasks. Instead of setting ambitious goals all at once, try setting smaller goals one day at a time. Chipping away at smaller goals every day will allow you to feel more impactful.2. It’s about the journey, not the destinationA lot of people think that purpose is a destination. We get there, we change, we order a glass of rosà ©, and we chill. If this way of thinking applies to you, it is time for a persona l paradigm shift. Purpose is about the journey; where all the small steps that we make bring us one step closer to realizing our true passions.Once you’ve reached this proverbial â€Å"destination†, suddenly you lose interest. The journey is about discovering ourselves, discovering others and discovering life happening right in front of us. And remember that you are not alone in your quest (only 34% of US workers feel engaged at work).Finding purpose in your work is not going to happen overnight. It might take a couple of years. What matters most is for you to enjoy your every day and think of life as a journey.3. Play to your strengthsMost people who are having a hard time finding purpose in their work start to fix their weaknesses, as if that’s where the problem lies. Recent studies show that people who know and use their strengths are more likely to find purpose in what they do and are usually more satisfied with their work.This idea doesn’t mean ignor ing your weaknesses – it only suggests to first know your strengths and utilize them first. I used HIGH5, a strengths finder that helped me explore my top five strengths and the ways to effectively use them at work.1 in every 3 individuals can’t accurately name their strengths, so feel free to enlist the help of friends and family to pinpoint your best attributes. Once you start using your strengths, you will increase your confidence and be more likely to find purpose in your work.4. Stop thinking of purpose as a luxuryMany people think that purpose is a luxury that requires a lot of resources. This is one of the main reasons why people never succeed in finding purpose. If you think of something as being luxurious and reserved to a small group of people, you start to alienate yourself from the idea that it’s accessible to you. This makes it easier to lose motivation to even pursue purpose.Understanding that finding purpose does not require a lot of resources wil l help you find it more easily.Simplify it. Think of it as an artless act. Give it two minutes every day, and you will see that anyone can achieve personal success.5. Match purpose with meaningYou will find purpose way easier if you match it with meaning. Ask yourself what you value most. Is it empathy? Is it collaboration? Maybe positive change?Let’s say you value collaboration. Then try to find ways to collaborate more with your colleagues, other departments, or your clients. If you do something that holds meaning, it will undoubtedly light a fire in your belly and add meaning to your work.The desire for purposeful work is a modern human need. It’s a continuous journey of finding what you like and applying it to your work by taking small steps every day. Once you discover your purpose, you’ll find the motivation needed to succeed in your everyday life.About the author:Anatoli Chernyaev is a content marketing manager born in Armenia and currently residing in Ly on, France. He writes about various topics such as self-awareness, positive thinking, personal development, and career advice.

Manaement Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Manaement Consulting - Essay Example This differentiating technique is a substantial tool that could transform the nature of products, processes, companies, industries, and even competition itself. Until recently, most managers treated differentiating principals as a support service. Now, however, every company and especially consulting firms must understand the broad effects and implications of the new differentiating principals and how it can create substantial and sustainable competitive advantages. (Wood, W., Lundgren, S., Oullette, J. A., Busceme, S., & Blackstone, T., 341) The principals of differentiating itself from the rest of the industry are in the process of a silent revolution and this revolution is sweeping through our economy. No company can escape its effects. Dramatic reductions in the cost of obtaining, processing, and transmitting information are changing the way we do business. (Williams, J. R. 1) Most general managers know that the revolution is under way, and few dispute its importance. As more and more of their time and investment capital are absorbed in market evaluation and their effect, executives have a growing awareness that the differentiating principals can no longer be the exclusive territory of the elite panels and theoretical niche departments. As they see their rivals use differentiating principals for competitive advantage, these executives recognize the need to become directly involved in the management of the new theories and principals. In the face of rapid change, however, they dont know how. The goal is now to analyse how the framework of differentiating principals can be combined with behavioural evidence on comparative advantage to understand the differential performance of organizations. First, we describe the emerging role of knowledge as a basis for the competitive advantage of organizations. Then we apply our framework

Sweatshop labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sweatshop labor - Essay Example The facts are evidenced in how 7 percent of trade around the globe today is with counterfeit goods. (Thomas, p 2). This type of manufacture of goods is involved with such tragedies as child labor, abusive conditions, along with ties to terrorism and organized crime. Law mentions how counterfeiting results in more than just low wages, but in manipulation and funneling of monies into illegal activities that pose as significant threats to society as a whole (Thomas, p. 2) Conditions that children workers are made to endure are horrific by any reasonable person’s standard. In fact, it should shock the conscience of U.S. consumers and businesspeople alike. One example that Dana Thomas found in Thailand was a plant that had young children who were being forced to make counterfeit handbags for sale to the more developed lands such as the United States. The children had their legs intentionally broken by sweatshop owners and placed in such a manner that no healing of the broken limbs would occur. The owners did this to force the children to work against their will in the production of counterfeit goods (Thomas, p.1). Advanced nations like America are contributing to the problem of sweatshop labor and seeking low cost goods at the expense of human health and decency issues. This is a major society problem as Jim Hightower points to in his article â€Å"The Price of Cheap Goods†. One issue that Hightower points out is that America has such a demand for low-cost labor that critical safeguards for workers are being ignored or bypassed simply due to economic demand and pressure for ever more cheaper labor costs and higher profits for the American based companies (Hightower, p.1) One example that Hightower mentions is that research at one Hong Kong area factory discovered that the workers at the plant will break or

Formal Authority

Formal Authority INTRODUCTION Authority is a defining feature of hierarchy. Authority in management is the formal or legitimate authority specified in a charter that gives a project manager the authority to act in the name of the sponsoring executive or on behalf of the organization. There are various types of authority according to different people. But they all seem to have a fundamental flaw that is they are unable to clearly distinguish between formal, informal authority and leadership. Formal authority is the authority provided by an organization or the law to an individual enabling him to carry out certain actions in accordance with his own will and without the need to consult others. Informal authority is the authority that the manager holds over his subordinates due to certain qualities that the subordinates value in him. A manager with good leadership skills has more informal authority as opposed to people with less leadership skills. It is a common perception that most organisations give formal authorit y to managers to direct and control the activities of their subordinates but this is not always true it depends on various other factors as well. One of the major factors that affect the type of authority given to managers is size of the organization usually smaller organizations have a system of authority whereas large organizations have a formal system of authority. FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY Functional authority is authority delegated to an individual or department over specific activities undertaken by personnel in other departments. Staff managers may have functional authority, meaning that they can issue orders down the chain of command within the very narrow limits of their authority. For example, supervisors in a manufacturing plant may find that their immediate bosses have line authority over them, but that someone in corporate headquarters may also have line authority over some of their activities or decisions. Organizations create positions of functional authority to break the unity of command principle by having individuals report to two bosses. Functional authority allows specialization of skills and improved coordination. This concept was originally suggested by Frederick Taylor. He separated â€Å"planning†from â€Å"doing†by establishing a special department to relieve the labourer and the foreman from the work of planning. The role of the foreman became one of making sure that planned operations were carried out. The major problem of functional authority is overlapping relationships, which can be resolved by clearly designating to individuals which activities their immediate bosses have authority over and which activities are under the direction of someone else. THEORIES Fayol (1949) defined authority as the right to give orders and the power to extract obedience. He emphasised the importance of linking authority to responsibility, which together required increasing judgement and morality at senior levels. He justified higher pay for commercial managers in comparison with senior civil servants since, in his view, the latter exercised authority without responsibility. In general, he concluded that responsibility is feared as much as authority is sought after, and fear of responsibility paralyses much initiative and destroys many good qualities. FORMAL AUTHORITY IN A BANK Union National Bank in Abu Dhabi is an organization that exercises formal authority. As a manager in the bank i was provided with formal authority over a group of six employees and we were a part of the internal customer satisfaction survey department. One of the main reasons the bank believes in providing formal authority is so as to not concern people at higher positions with unimportant tasks. Another important aspect of formal authority is it reduces conflict among people in higher positions if still unable to completely remove it. The reason that there may still be conflicts is that though formal authority empowers managers to a certain degree the managers boss still has a say in the managers decision should he choose to. OVERVIEW OF UNION NATIONAL BANK Established as a Public Joint Stock Company in 1982, they are one of the leading domestic banks in the United Arab Emirates and are headquartered in Abu Dhabi. They offer a variety of products and services, addressing needs ranging from basic requirements of individuals to the more complex requirements of corporate entities. Electronic delivery channels, ably supported by an extensive network of Banking Centres spread across the emirates, offer greater banking convenience to their customers. They are the only bank that is jointly owned by the Governments of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Their Chairman, H. H. Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Minister of Education and Scientific Research, is well supported by their Board of Directorsthat consists of eminent business personalities and their Senior Managementteam which is made up of experienced professionals. Their Vision and Missionis clearly defined and their business strategy is well understood by all staff across the bank. Union Brokerage Company (UBC), one of the oldest brokerage firms in UAE is a subsidiary of UNB. Besides being a leading player in the Brokerage industry, it was among the first national companies to deal in the brokerage field in the country. Besides its head office in Khalidiya, Abu Dhabi, it has a well diversified branch network with 6 other branches at ADX, DFM, Al Ain, Al Dhafra, Fujairah and Gold Diamond Park, Dubai. The Al Wifaq Finance Company, a subsidiary of UNB has been established with the purpose of offering Sharia compliant financial, commercial and investing services to both organizations and individuals in compliance with the rules and principals of the Islamic Law As partof the Banks vision, to be â€Å"a key player in the region†, UNB has now a presence in the Egyptian banking sector through itssuccessful acquisition of the Alexandria Commercial and Maritime Bank. UNB is also reviewing other geographic locations for a presence or strategic alliances that will add to shareholder value. PERSONAL EXPERIENCES ON FORMAL AUTHORITY Though formal authority is considered to be authority provided by the organization or superior to an individual it is more often implied than anything else. When employees had issues with anything to do with the customer satisfaction department i had the authority to decide what was to be done. This greatly reduced the time taken for certain tasks to be done. As i had the authority to take decisions on issues such as upgrading of equipment or changes in software and other issues i did not have to elevate it to my boss. This helped also as i could take a better decision as i had more interaction with employees and knew their needs. If these problems had to be elevated to the higher management these issues could have taken a much longer time frame to get resolved. Also managers at the upper levels especially while working in large organizations that have branches at various parts of a country or the world are unable to clearly see the needs of each branch. Providing formal authority en ables a more personalized approach between employees and the organization. Also individual employee needs are better recognized by their immediate managers rather than managers at the top. At the same time there were certain issues that i faced as when i decided to implement a change in the questionnaire on the request of several employees i found that the management wanted to stick to the older pattern. This shows that formal authority is not always clearly outlined in an organization. Managers are unencumbered by management theory and standards established by others. Effective managers want to be in charge; they also possess an intrinsic desire to achieve substantial personal recognition and to earn that recognition based on their own merits. They never abuse power; they know that the corrupt use of power creates a vile corporate poison that can quickly spread throughout an entire organization and paralyze it. They thus practise humility and refrain from using their position to intimidate others. They can define and manage each situation or person with an appropriate leadership style. Example-they tend to treat their vice-presidents and line workers with the same level of respect, but through different approaches. Authority is the defining feature of hierarchy. The boss can restrict the subordinates actions, overturn his decisions, and even fire him (unless the bosss boss objects, in which case the boss herself may be fired). Tracing this chain of authority up the hierarchy, we eventually reach a person (sole proprietor) or group (shareholders) who can be thought of as owning all the decision rights in the organization. In short, formal authority resides at the top. Leading is one of principal managerial functions. Managers are suppose to be formal leaders because they have the authority to influence their subordinates and are expected to use it. They are officially responsible for outcome of their group. However, in an organization, not all managers are leaders, whether they have direct reports or not. In certain cases job description might demand strong leadership, on other hand leadership might not be major factor. However, in todays competitive world, most of the managerial jobs demand leadership qualities, inter personal and inter group interaction and a manager has to manage different type of responsibilities and roles. A leader influences other member of groups, leads group, and directs members towards its goals. A leader influences s ubordinates level of motivation, their performance and quality of their decisions. DISADVANTAGES OF FORMAL AUTHORITY Authority is a wily beast. In general it means that people will abide by your decisions. They will do what you want them to do. no manager can be effective with merely formal authority. True power comes from the trusting relationships that one forges with the people around him. He does this by being genuinely interested, and helpful. He commands attention by making lucid, compelling points, and acting decisively and transparently. Formal authority will not inspire people to do their best work with a happy heart. The best one can hope for with merely formal authority is grudging or indifferent acquiescence. We can easily become enamored with the â€Å"power of our positions.† Having people do what we tell them to do when we tell them to do it can have an intoxicating effect. Under such circumstances, too often our senses become dulled and we become oblivious to the dangers of formal authority. When authority â€Å"goes to our heads,† it becomes much too easy to disregard , or overlook entirely, critical input we might otherwise receive from peers, superiors and even clients. CONCLUSION From this essay we can conclude that formal authority is like a two sided coin it has its ups and downs. Also formal authority depends a lot on the situation and the organization. Smaller organizations may find that formal authority does not suit them whereas larger organizations may find that formal authority is better suited for them. At the same time larger organizations that have strict rules on company policies may find that formal authority conflicts their objectives. Every manager is unique thus formal authority may be needed by some managers to perform well whereas managers with strong leadership qualities may be able to perform well even in the absence of formal authority as they naturally have the respect and support of employees. Formal authority can be thought of as the right to command or compel another person to perform a certain act. Power is the ability to influence or cause a person to perform an act. It is possible for a manager to have formal authority without powe r, just as it is possible for a subordinate to have power without formal authority. The distinction between these terms may be significant for the manager, who may assume that his formal authority automatically gives him power but overlook the fact that his subordinates also have power, at times greater than his own. The manager in such a situation can encounter difficult and frustrating experiences without knowing why. The conventional view of leadership, formal and informal, can be seen as a confused mixture of leadership and management. Leadership can be seen as an occasional act rather than an ongoing role, a bit like creativity. On this view there is no such thing as formal leadership. Being in an organizational position of authority over others makes you a manager, not a leader. To be a leader, you need to be able to convince people to willingly follow some new direction. This means that there is formal and informal management but only informal leadership. Most managers show s ome leadership. The conventional view is that executives show leadership in two ways. By using their powers of persuasion, they influence people who report to them to take actions they would not otherwise take. The second way executives show leadership, on this view, is by making decisions that move the organization in new directions. However, we are gradually moving away from this concept of leadership, one based on formal authority. It is becoming increasingly recognized that making such decisions should be considered managerial actions. Managers can only lead by persuading people to act differently, either directly or by example. REFERENCES Baron, David P. and David Besanko: Information, Control, and Organizational Structure, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 1, Summer 1992, 237-76. Barro, Robert J. and Paul M. Romer, 1987, Ski-Lift Pricing with Applications to Labor and Other Markets, American Economic Review, 77, 875-90. Ibarra, Herminia, 1993, Network Centrality, Power, and Innovation Involvement: Determinants of Technical and Administrative Roles, Academy of Management Journal, 36, 471-501. Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling, 1992, Specific and General Knowledge, and Organizational Structure, in Lars Werin and Hans Wijkander eds. Contract Economics, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 251-74. Laffont, Jean-Jacques: Analysis of Hidden Gaming in a Three-Level Hierarchy, Journal of Law, Economic and Organization, 6, Fall 1990, 301-324. Mankiw, N. Gregory, 1985, Small Menu Costs and Large Business Cycles: A Macroeconomic Model of Monopoly, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100, 529-39. Marschak, Jacob and Roy Radner, 1972, The Economic Theory of Teams, New Haven CT: Yale University Press. Milgrom, Paul and D. John Roberts, 1988, An Economic Approach to Influence Activities in Organizations, American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement), S154-S179. Pfeffer, Jeffrey, 1981, Power in Organizations, Marshfield MA:Pitman.

In measure for measure,the characters of Angelo and Isabella are similar

In measure for measure there are two characters that at first glance seem to be from two different worlds but a closer analysis shows that they are actually very similar. This is the case with Angelo and Isabella. When we first meet Angelo we see a ruthless leader who enforces the law as severely as he can and Isabella is the complete opposite, she is a virtuous and chaste young woman who was ready to devote her life to God. Both Angelo and Isabella have strict moral views; they both exhibit pride and are guilty of self deception. In scene, when Isabella and Angelo first meet straight away we can distinguish the similarities between them. For example, Isabella uses the same language as Angelo and the two of them are able to finish each other's sentences indicating that they are on the same thinking level and that they are actually not that different as both knew what the other was intending on saying. Isabella like Angelo is denying her sexuality. Isabella uses religion as a repression of sexuality where as Angelo represses his sexuality by enforcing harsh rules in Vienna regarding fornification and does not allow himself to express any feelings openly. One could argue that both Angelo and Isabella are sexually frustrated. Isabella is a pure and chaste young woman who happens to be in a corrupted society and it could be argued that her decision to join the nunnery was a way of sexual control and that she does not trust herself in the society that she is in and needs restraint â€Å"but rather wishing a more strict restraint† (1:4,L3). Angelo is a puritan and as a puritan he has to be able to control his sexuality which is why he doesn't express he desires or emotions and this leads to characters describing him as â€Å"a man whose blood is very snow broth† and in his soliloquy Angelo can't describe what he is feeling towards Isabella because he was never able to speak out openly about sex, emotions, love etc. â€Å"What's this?† â€Å"What's this?† (2:2, L 164) .For both of these characters repressing their sexuality discourages the audience from identifying with them. Another similarity that Angelo and Isabella both share is that they are put in a sordid situation by the Duke. The Duke put Angelo in charge of power whilst he left knowing full well that Angelo is a man made out of steel and will enforce the strict laws and as a result Claudio was condemned for fornification by Angelo who led to Isabella pleading for his life. The Duke is the only character who could intervene but chose not to. Isabella and Angelo are both troubled characters struggling to come to terms with their own inner nature. Both characters share their feelings and thoughts with he audience in soliloquy. Angelo (2:2) and Isabella (2:4) this is the only time that the audience can begin to understand these characters more and are able to empathise with them. One could argue that another feature both of these characters share is hypocrisy Angelo is an authoritive figure but does not practice what he preaches. He is a hypocritical character because he is condemning Claudio for fornification whilst going against his own law by asking Isabella to sleep with him.Similarly, Isabella readiness to give away another person's chastity (Marianna) is quite hypocritical because she refused to give up her own chastity because it was not morally right but was quite eager for Marianna to give up hers. It could also be argued that both Angelo and Isabella are selfish characters. Angelo's selfishness is evident in the way he abandoned Marianna due a lack of dowry and Isabella's selfishness is evident in the way she was prepared to value her own virginity more than her brother's life and the fact that she wanted Marinna to give up her virginity could also be seen as a selfish act. Both Isabella and Angelo are proud characters. Angelo is a proud man because he will not back down from enforcing the severe laws in Vienna even when Isabella pleads with him to spare her brother's life. I think Angelo feels that if he backs down then people will begin to take advantage of him as they did with the Duke so I think he feels it's imperative to be proud and honourable because that is the only way people will know you mean business and will look up to you. Isabella is a proud character in the sense that she would rather her brother lost his life rather than her give up her virginity to save him. To Isabella honour and pride means more than saving her own flesh and blood. â€Å"Die, perish†¦.not words to save thee† In conclusion, many critics have noted the similarity between Isabella and Angelo D.L Stevenson in his book, The Achievements of Measure for Measure, Ithaca 1966 notes the similarities between Angelo and Isabella, He claims ‘She is kind of observe of Angelo†¦ the play is only allowed to come to an end only at the moment of exact equivalence between Isabella and Angelo. It only ends s when Isabella has really become the thing she has argued for in Act II, merciful' (against all sense† the duke points out). What D.L Stevenson is arguing here is that in a sense Isabella looked up to Angelo because he was this authorative male figure but Isabella is also a strong female who was able to withstand pressure from this authoritive male figure. I agree with D.L Stevenson, I think that Isabella does look up to Angelo because he is a proud, authoritive being and I think in a way Isabella actually see a bit of herself in Angelo in the sense that neither of them can express themselves sexually as freely as they would have liked to therefore they resort to extreme situations to avoid confronting their true inner selves. They are both proud yet hypocritical characters who don't see any wrong in their own actions but are quick to blame others, for Isabella a prime example is when Claudio asked her to give up her virginity and she was outraged by what he suggested â€Å"O you beast!, O faithless coward!, O, dishonest wretch!† but yet she expected Marianna to do the exact thing she refused to do.

PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago for the development of petroluem resources - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2955 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? DEDUCTION OF GRADES FOR PENALTIES: LATE SUBMISSION/PLAGIARISM ETC. (office staff only) Table of Contents Abstract Word Count Table of Abbreviations Table of Figures. 1Introduction 2Investor State Relationships: An Outline.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago for the development of petroluem resources" essay for you Create order 2.1Types of Contracts: An Overview 2.2Investor State Relations in Trinidad and Tobago 3The Local Content Policy: Impact on the PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago 3.1Overview of Local content in Trinidad and Tobago. 3.2Comparison of terms in the Model PSCs 2000 and 2012 3.3The Effect of the Local Content Provisions in the PSC 4The Future of Investor-State Relations in Trinidad and Tobago.. 4.1How will Local Content Shape Investor-State Relations by 2020? 4.2Is There a Need for a Change in the Agreements? 5Conclusions 6List of References. Abstract Word Count ABSTRACT:Trinidad and Tobago has been involved in oil and gas exploration and production for over a century allowing it to become a global stalwart in the industry. Since conception, the country has employed various methods for governing investor-state relationships within the sector, with the most popular being the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) currently in use for over 35 years. This paper examines the use of PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago for the development of petroleum resources. It will explore the historic journey of the terms and conditions that the international investor is required to abide by under the PSC and the change of the structure of those terms with respect to the implementation of the Local Content and Local Participation Policy and Framework for the Energy Sector of Trinidad and Tobago. It will conclude with an analysis of the PSC and determine if it is still the best method for awarding rights in Trinidad and Tobago in light of the new legislation. WORD CO UNT:2221 Table of Abbreviations EP Exploration and Production GDP Gross Domestic Product GORTT Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago IOC/FOC International/Foreign Oil Company LCP Local Content and Local Participation Policy and Framework for the Energy Sector of Trinidad and Tobago MEEA Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs NGC National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago Limited NOC National Oil Company Petroleum Act Petroleum Act and Petroleum Regulation (1969) 62:01 PSC Production Sharing Contract TT Trinidad and Tobago UTT University of Trinidad and Tobago Table of Figures Figure 1: Comparison of Different Types of Investor-State Contracts for Petroleum Development 8 Figure 2 Comparison of Terms and Conditions in the 2000 and 2012 Model PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago 10 Figure 3: Comparison of Trinidad and Tobagos Labour Force Distribution in 2000 and 2012 11 1 Introduction For over a century, Trinidad and Tobago (TT) has been involved in the Exploration and Production (EP) of petroleum resources. In 1993, the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) established Petrotrin[1] charged with the consolidation and operations of petroleum production, refinement and asset marketing of the previous state-run enterprises (Petrotrin, 2012). In addition to the success of its oil endeavours, TT has also been prosperous in its gas initiatives, promoting the industrialization of gas in 1953 and incorporating the National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (NGC) in 1975. During the 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, TT utilized EP Licenses for international investment activity in the petroleum sector. The GORTT, subsequently established the Petroleum Act and Petroleum Regulations 62.01 (1969) (Petroleum Act) to govern the activities of industry. Due to the rapid increase of oil production and the improvements to the administrative functions, TT iss ued its first Production Sharing Contract (PSC) in 1974. In 2004, the GORTT implemented the Local Content and Local Participation Policy and Framework for the Energy Sector of Trinidad and Tobago (LCP). The aim of the policy is to improve sustainable development in TT by ensuring that the citizens of the country are equipped and able to participate in the sector responsible for over 40% of annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 80% of exports. Currently, the sector employs just over 5% of the labour force (Ministry of Finance and the Economy, 2013). This paper examines the effect of the LCP on the terms and conditions within PSCs issued to International Oil Companies (IOC) in TT for the development of petroleum resources. Chapter 2 contains a brief overview of the different types of contracts and the history of investor state relations in TT. The LCP is evaluated in Chapter 3 along with a comparison of terms in the PSC that have been affected due to the implementation of the policy and its impact on the country. Chapter 4 provides an assessment of the outlook for TTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investor relations and determines if there should be a change in the main contract type to facilitate the LCP. 2 Investor State Relationships: An Outline 2.1 Types of Contracts: An Overview To reap the benefits of the petroleum sector resource rich nations often rely on international companies to conduct EP activities as they are more experienced and have access to more capital funding. They have developed a symbiotic relationship, as host countries and IOCs depend on each other to obtain income. The negative consequences of allowing foreign companies to develop local resources, such as exploitation and pollution, have led to the development of contracts to govern the relationship (Katz, 1992). There are four main types of contracts currently in use today. These are the PSCs, concessions, risk service agreements and joint ventures. An overview of these contracts is presented in Figure 1. 2.2 Investor State Relations in Trinidad and Tobago In TT, EP licences[2] were originally issued during the 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s allowing the country to gain income through royalties (10%-12.5%) and taxes. The GORTT subsequently developed the Petroleum Act in 1969, which currently serves as the main legislation governing EP activities in the energy sector. In the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the GORTT discovered that EP licenses were inefficiently monetizing the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s energy resources. This resulted in the issue of the first PSC in 1974 based on the Indonesian model. During the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the petroleum fields issued under the concessions began approaching maturity, leading to the introduction of sub-licenses such as farm-out agreements to encourage lower cost production. This led to the decrease in the popularity of the licences and in 1990 PSCs became the main type of investor-state agreement governing EP activities in TT. The model for the PSC has been modified twice since its first issuance, during the 1995/1996 fiscal period and again in 2010. In addition to the change in structure, the terms and conditions within the PSCs have also been altered and updated since first issuance in an attempt to justly distribute benefits and risks between the GORTT and the IOC. These changes were due mainly to the volatility in the market and changes in legislation affecting the energy sector. In TT, a private investor is required apply to the Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs (MEEA) to conduct any type of EP activity within the borders of the country. Currently, an investor can be offered one of four types of agreements (GORTT, 2012): Exploration (Public Petroleum Rights) Licence grants the licensee the non-exclusive right to carry out the petroleum operations provided by the licence. Exploration and Production (Public Petroleum Rights) Licence grants the licensee the exclusive right to explore for, produce and dispose of petroleum in accordance with the terms of the licence. Exploration and Production (Private Petroleum Rights) Licence PSC conduct of petroleum operations relating to the operations relating to the exploration, production and disposition of petroleum within a prescribed area. According to the Petroleum Act, the award of a PSC in TT involves a bidding process which requires, the payment of a pre-bid application fee and a full examination of the most recent model PSC. Bidders are also obligated to make an oral presentation demonstrating their technical and operational competence. The successful bidder is awarded a PSC based on the model examined. Where a discovery is not achieved within nine years of being awarded the contract, it will automatically be terminated. If, on the other hand, a discovery is made, the contract will be extended for a minimum of thirty years. 3 The Local Content Policy: Impact on the PSCs in Trinidad and Tobago 3.1 Overview of Local content in Trinidad and Tobago The LCP aims to promote sustainability by utilizing the capabilities of international companies to build local businesses, people, technology and capital markets (GORTT, 2004) via fiscal[3] and non-fiscal[4] methods. The traditional concept of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“giving preferenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to local suppliers based on internationally comparable cost, quality and timeliness of delivery has not improved TTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stance as only a globally competitive firm succeeds (GORTT, 2004) . Therefore, the LCP aims to promote local ownership, control and decision making, as well as local preferential project financing. This is in addition to the adequate and appropriate training of the local labour force to prevent IOCs from employing foreign personnel where the local market is able to satisfy the requirements. The policy also aims to take advantage of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s small population of approximately 1.3 million people (Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, 2012) and create a diverse and well trained labour force. This policy requires IOCs to give preferential treatment to local suppliers and enterprises by guaranteeing that they are given assertions from the principal operator which relate to access, treatment and re-imbursement for goods and services actually provided. The IOC is also required to address barriers that are currently preventing this from happening. 3.2 Comparison of terms in the Model PSCs 2000 and 2012 Due to the implementation of the LCP, the MEEA has updated the terms and conditions of the PSC to better reflect the objectives of the GORTT. Figure 2 provides a synopsis of the terms and conditions in both the 2000 (MEEA, 2000) and the 2012 (MEEA, 2012) model contract for Deep Water Blocks off the coast of Trinidad with regard to local content. 3.3 The Effect of the Local Content Provisions in the PSC Based on the comparison of the terms and conditions in the model PSCs (Figure 2), it is clear that since the policy implementation, there have been positive changes affect the local landscape. The 2000 Model failed to adequately provide for local development mentioning local content requirements 75% less than the 2012 Model. The shift into a more stringent and detailed PSC with regard to local content, holds the IOC and by extension the energy sector responsible for the development of the local labour force. It acts as a mechanism by which the GORTT protects its citizens from the adverse repercussions of FDI and reduces the instances of repatriation of funds (Global Business Reports, 2012). Figure 3 shows a comparison of the labour force contribution to the energy sector in 2000 and 2012. In 2012 the energy sector represented 5.4%[5] of the total labour force in TT increasing from 3.3% in 2000. The graph therefore insinuates that since the adoption of the LCP and the new terms and conditions in the PSC, more local labour has been geared towards the energy service sector for upstream, midstream and downstream activities. The 2012 Model not only helps the local labour force through employment and training and development opportunities, but also helps nurture the entrepreneurial[6] spirit by allowing small business owners to participate and reap the benefits of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest sector. The provisions in the 2012 Model also attempt to reduce the imports and promote local manufacturing to control the trade balance and improve the current and capital accounts of the country. Despite the introduction of the policy and the changes to the new PSCs, several IOCs are still operating in TT under long-term pre-2004 contracts. This means that it may take several years before any substantial changes are seen in the sector with regard to the labour force and import reduction. 4 The Future of Investor-State Relations in Trinidad and Tobago 4.1 How will Local Content Shape Investor-State Relations by 2020? The GORTT (2012) suggests that the initiatives imposed on the IOCs via the shift in terms and conditions in the 2012 Model PSC will contribute to a significantly higher percentage of skilled, local personnel employed within the energy sector of TT by 2020. The MEEA (2013) has indicated that the intention of the LCP is not for IOCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to be solely responsible for the progress of the local labour force and development of the economy, but rather to improve the working relationship between the GORTT and the IOCs. Since the policy was implemented, the GORTT has embarked on several projects aimed at assisting the IOCs with a labour force comparable to international standards. One of these projects was the establishment of the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT) which aids in the education of nationals with regard to petroleum development and other useful energy related subjects. It is plausible that this assistance in providing an educated workforce will maintain and i mprove the status of the investor-state relationships by 2020. The IOCs may initially resist the local content requirements especially where they have pre-2004 contracts with the GORTT. It is suggested, however, that they will ultimately abide as they require the resources of TT for income generation allowing a negotiation advantage which will ensure better treatment of the labour force (MEEA, 2013). Additionally, more countries are employing the use of local content policies, resulting in IOCs themselves highlighting plans for local content projects in the country during the bid round process. The adaptability of the IOC will also promote its standing in the country and compliance with the new PSC Model will allow them participate actively in future bid rounds held by the MEEA and GORTT. 4.2 Is There a Need for a Change in the Agreements? TT already offers other forms of investor-state contracts, such as the concession, although in lesser quantities than the PSC. Based on the PSC developments in TTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2012 Model, it appears that the GORTT and the MEEA are able to implement the requirements of the LCP effectively. This is clearly shown by the introduction of Article 39 in the 2012 Model which deals specifically and solely with local content and the investor. This means that there is currently no need for a shift in the main contract type used to govern investor-state relationships. The current PSC model successfully merges the requirement for an improved energy labour force and the incentives for foreign investors while not infringing on the sovereign right of IOCs. Considering that it has been less than a decade since the implementation of the LCP, it may be several years before the changes and benefits are observed in TT on a large scale. Therefore, the introduction of a new contract type may act ually dampen relationships with existing and potential investors. It is not recommended that TT change its main method of petroleum contracts to comply with LCP initiatives as the current methods employed will potentially see an increase in the local labour force participation in the energy sector within the next decade. 5 Conclusions In the energy world, there a various types of investor-state contracts that govern the relationship between a host country and an IOC. TT has been actively involved in oil and gas production for over a century, making them a substantial force in the Western Hemisphere. Since conception, IOCs have entered the country for EP activities under a variety of agreements with the PSC being the most popular. The citizens of the country, however, were placed in a disadvantageous position as the IOCs brought their own employees and imported goods and services from international companies rather than local firms. To protect the residents, the GORTT introduced the LCP in 2004 that would govern the activities in the local energy sector. The true extent of this policy was seen via an examination of the terms and conditions of the PSCs between 2000 and 2012. This paper highlighted the fact that the LCP allowed an update of the PSC model that better reflects the objectives of the GORTT with rega rd to local content. While several IOCs are still under contracts that do not include these changes, the energy sector will observe future improvement in local participation as new contracts are awarded. Based on the differences in the 2000 and 2012 Model PSCs, it is obvious that the GORTT have improved the terms and conditions to better reflect the implementation of the LCP. As a result of this, the recommendation is that TT maintain its main form of investor-state contract as the new terms will eventually benefit the citizens of the country in the form of improved labour and marketability as new contracts are awarded. 6 List of References Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago. (2012). Annual Report 2012. Port-of-Spain: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobgao Limited. Global Business Reports. (2012). Trinidad and Tobagos oil and gas Industry. Oil and Gas Investigator. GORTT. (2004). Local Content and Local Participation Policy and Framework for the Energy Sector of Trinidad and Tobago. Port-of-Spain: Government Printery. GORTT. (2012). Current Fiscal Measure for the Upstream Petroleum Sector. Retrieved from Minstry of Energy and Energy Affairs: https://www.energy.gov.tt/investors.php?mid=159 Katz, S. B. (1992). Types of International Petroleum Contracts: Their History and Development. In R. Steinmetz, The Business of Petroleum Exploration (pp. 297-323). MEEA. (2000). Model Production Sharing Contract (2000). Port-of-Spain: Government Printery. MEEA. (2012). Model Production Sharing Contract (2012). Port-of-Spain: Government Printery. MEEA. (2013). Energy Policies. Retrieved from Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs: https://www.energy.gov.tt/investors.php?mid=34 Ministry of Finance and the Economy. (2013). Review of the Economy. Petrotrin. (2012). About Us. Retrieved from Petroleum Company of Trinidad and Tobago: https://www.petrotrin.com/Petrotrin2007/AboutUs.htm [1] The state-owned oil company [2] Also referred to as concessionary agreements [3] Taxation and royalty policies as well as government expenditure to build capabilities [4] Promotion of Local Content, Local Participation and Local Capability Development [5] This is approximately 33,426 people employed in the energy sector in 2012 compared with 20,582 people in 2000. [6] Figure 3 shows a 4.8% increase in entrepreneurial activity.

Analysis of Keepern Me by Richard Wangamese Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Stanley gives Garnet details on who he is and narrates the account of events that took place twenty years ago. In the letter, Stanley invites Garnet to reunite with other family members at the reserve. On getting to the reserve, Garnet finds it difficult to fit into the society. He then meets Keeper, who understands his situation and is willing to help him. Keeper welcomes Garnet and takes him through the path to self-understanding and self-identity. Keeper also teaches Garnet the culture and lifestyle of the people within the reserve. These efforts by Keeper pay off, as Garnet gains insight into who he is and is able to live in the reserve comfortably. This book is in use by many scholars and is in the curriculum of some institutions of higher learning for literature studies. The theme of the novel is identifying oneself. The main character of the novel, Garnet Raven, is a person who is unable to understand his life and is keen to hide his identity. He tries to hide his Indian iden tity by associating himself with Mexicans, Blacks, and Asians. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Keeper'n Me by Richard Wangamese or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page